KERAGAMAN KARAKTERISTIK MORFOLOGIS DAN A G RONOMISP LA SMA NUTFAH KLON HARAPAN KAKAO LOKAL SULAWESI SELATAN
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) merupakan komoditas perkebunan
yang memegang peranan penting dalam perekonomian Indonesia. Sulawesi Selatan merupakan daerah sentra produksi kakao dan telah berkembang berbagai varian klon kakao lokal. Sulawesi Selatan memiliki potensi menghasilkan klon-klon kakao unggul, yang berpotensi daya hasil tinggi, memiliki ketahanan/toleransi terhadap hama penggerek buah kakao, penyakit busuk buah dan vascular streak dieback. Klon kakao lokal yang telah dikembangkan oleh petani belum pernah dilakukan karakterisasi baik morfologi maupun genetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengobservasi karakter morfologi dan agronomi klon lokal harapan yang tersebar pada petani di Sulawesi Selatan. Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai bulan Februari – Desember 2013 di Kabupaten Luwu dan Luwu Utara, Sulawesi Selatan. Untuk mendapatkan klon-klon harapan kakao lokal, dilakukan observasi langsung pada sentra produksi kakao. Sumber informasi adalah Pemerintah daerah (dinas terkait), penyuluh pertanian, tokoh masyarakat dan petani. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap karakter morfologi utama klon harapan kakao lokal yang didapat saat pelaksanaan observasi. Analisis kemiripan karakter morfologi antar klon dan pengelompokan serta dendogram dilakukan dengan menggunakan program SPSS versi 21.0. Hasil eksplorasi diperoleh sejumlah 30 klon harapan kakao lokal. Hasil analisis karakter morfologi terhadap 30 aksesi klon unggul harapan kakao lokal di Sulawesi Selatan, menunjukkan keragaman yang sempit. Hal ini mengisyaratkan bahwa perlu upaya lain untuk meningkatkan keragaman genetik.
Kata kunci: Theobroma cacao L., keragaman, morfologi, agronomi, plasma nutfah
ABSTRACT
Morphological and Agronomics Diversity of Cocoa Characteristics Local Promising Clones Germplasm in South Sulawesi
Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is one of important estate cropscommodities which plays a role on Indonesian economy. South Sulawesi
has a potency to generate superior clones of cocoa. A number of local
cocoa clones from South Sulawesi has been recommended in
rehabilitation and rejuvenation in the implementation of cocoa “Gernas”
(National Cocoa Planting Action). Sulawesi Cocoa local clones have a
potency of high yield, resistance to pest or main diseases such as cocoa
pod borer, black pod disease and vascular streak dieback which were still
widespread among cocoa plantation. Although variation accured in cocoa
local clones, but there had been no study on both morphological and
genetic. The objective of the research was to observe morphological and
agronomis characters of local cocoa promising clones that has been
planted by the farmers in South Sulawesi. This research was conducted
from February - Desember 2013 in Luwu District and North Luwu, in
South Sulawesi. To find local cacao clones used direct observation in
cocoa production centers. The information sources obtained from local
government (relevant agencies). Agricultural extension, prominent societyleader and the farmers. The Observation was conducted on morphologicalcharacters, and the results were analysed on characters resemblancebetween clones. Statistic anlyses for the Grouping and dendogram wasgene rated by SPSS vertion 21.0. In South Sulawesi. The result from theanalyses of morphological characters indicated low genetic variability in 30 accessions of local cocoa clones in South Sulawesi. To such low ingenetic diversity, Indicated the need of another effort to broadan geneticvariability
Keywords: Theobroma cacao L., genetic variability, morphology, agronomy, germplasm
Full Text:
PDFDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/littri.v21n3.2015.145-152
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