Biopestisida Organik Berbahan Aktif Bacillus subtilis dan Pseudomonas fluorescens untuk Mengendalikan Penyakit Layu Fusarium pada Anyelir
Abstract
Carnation (Dianthus caryophillus L.) is one of the most economically important cut flowers in Indonesia. The crops is commonly cultivated in the highland areas of the country. Cultivations of the crops in the production center areas have faced various problems, especially wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi as the most important one. Based on the field observation it is known that the disease could reduce plant production and its yield quality up to 20-60%. To control the disease, farmers usually use a synthetic chemical pesticides. However the control measures are not sufficiently effective to overcome the diseases problems. Therefore, an alternative control measures which are more environmentally friendly is necessary. The use of biocontrol agents is nowdays bring popular to be recommended to control the disease. A study on the control of fusarial wilt disease on carnation was carried out in the Laboratory and Glasshouse of Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute (1,100 m asl.) from May to December 2009, using Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens formulated in the liquid organic pesticide. The study was arranged in a randomized block design, with 10 treatments i.e. 10% vermi compost + 10% molase + BP and 10% horse manure + 10% molase + BP consentration 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7% resfectively, dazomet 0,2% and control with four replications. The results showed that population of antagonistic bacterial was increased from 107-109 to 1010-1012 cfu/ml after 3 weeks fermentation in the organic carrier. The population of two antagonistic bacteria was likely stable on 1010-1011 cfu/ml after storing 2 months. The treatments of B. subtilis and P. fluorescens suspended in the vermi compost extract and molases on the concentration level of 0.5% and formulated in the biofermentor for 3 weeks were consistenly effective in reducing Fusarium wilt on carnation. The implication of research results could be increase commodity competitive ability of ornamental plants by using national nature resource on a continuity for support the ornamental plants industry with high competitiveness.
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PDFDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jhort.v21n2.2011.p152-163
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