Pengaruh Varietas, Status K-Tanah, dan Dosis Pupuk Kalium terhadap Pertumbuhan, Hasil Umbi, dan Serapan Hara K Tanaman Bawang Merah
Abstract
ABSTRACT. Sumarni, N, Rosliani, R, Basuki, RS, and Hilman, Y 2012. Effects of Varieties, Soil-K Status, and K Fertilizer Dosages on Plant Growth, Bulb Yield, and K Uptake of Shallots Plant. In order to get the optimum yield, fertilization should be based on plant need of nutrient and nutrient content of soil. The presense of high diversities of soil and environment in Indonesia cause the fertilizer needed are different from one location to another. This research methodologies were survey of soil-K status on some shallots production areas in lowland of West and Central Java, and pot experiment that was carried out at Screenhouse of Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute from March to December 2008. The aim of this experiment was to find out the optimum dosage of K fertilizer for two shallots varieties on several soil fertility level (soil-K status). A split-split plot design with three replications was used in this experiment. As main plots were shallots varieties, consisted of Bangkok and Kuning varieties. Subplots were the content/status of soil-K, consisted of low (<20 ppm K2O), medium (21–40 ppm K2O), and high (>41 ppm K2O). Sub-subplots were K fertilizer dosages, consisted of 0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg/ha K2O. N fertilizer (150 kg/ha N) and P fertilizer (150 kg/ha P2O5) were applied as basic fertilizers. The results showed that there were no interaction between varieties, soil-K status, and K fertilizer dosages on plant leaf area, plant dry weight, fresh and dry weight of bulb yield of shallots. But K uptake by shallots plant and residual of K fertilizer in soil were affected by the three those factors. The curves of the relationship between K fertilizer dosages and bulb yield of Bangkok and Kuning varieties on all soil-K status were quadratics. The optimum dosage of K fertilizer for Bangkok variety were 126.67 kg/ha K2O on low of soil-K status, 170.00 kg/ha K2O on medium of soil-K status, and 1.50 kg/ha K2O on high of soil-K status; whereas for Kuning variety were 214.29 kg/ha K2O on low of soil-K status, 216.67 kg/ha K2O on medium of soil-K, and 106.50 kg/ha K2O on high of soil-K status.The bulb yield and K uptake of Bangkok and Kuning varieties were significantly higher on high soil-K status than on low and medium of soil-K status. The more higher of K fertilizer dosages and soil-K status gave the more higher of K residual of K fertilizer in soil.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jhort.v22n3.2012.p233-241
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