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Keragaman Jeruk Fungsional Indonesia Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologis dan Marka RAPD
Abstract
Identifikasi variabilitas genetik tanaman jeruk diperlukan dalam pengelolaan sumber daya genetik dan proses seleksi dalam
program pemuliaan. Tujuan penelitian adalah mempelajari keragaman lima belas aksesi jeruk fungsional Indonesia
berdasarkan karakter morfologis dan marka molekuler. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Pemuliaan Tanaman, Balai
Penelitian Tanaman Jeruk dan Buah Subtropika, Malang, Jawa Timur. Keragaman morfologis didasarkan pada hasil
pengamatan morfologi, sedangkan keragaman molekuler didasarkan pada hasil amplifikasi marka RAPD. Keragaman
morfologis dan molekuler dianalisis menggunakan program DARWin5. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keragaman
morfologis jeruk fungsional Indonesia lebih tinggi dibanding dengan keragaman molekulernya. Keragaman tertinggi
berdasarkan karakter morfologis terjadi antara Citrumelo dan Carrizo Citrange dengan Lemon seedless (79%), sedangkan
keragaman tertinggi berdasarkan marka RAPD terjadi antara Lemo Swangi dan Lemon seedless (49%). Pita DNA spesifik
ditemukan oleh marka OPH15(235,280) pada aksesi Jari Budha, Etrog Citron, dan Lemon seedless, marka OPD07(400) dan
OPC17(416) pada aksesi dengan daun tipe trifoliata (Troyer Citrange, Citrumelo, dan Carrizo Citrange) dan OPH04(583) dan
OPD07(330) pada aksesi Keprok Tening.
Keywords
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